Una base de datos relacional para consulta de litiasis urinaria. Evaluación inicial de resultados / Relational database for urinary stone ambulatory consultation. Assessment of initial outcomes

Objetivos: Crear una base de datos relacional orientada al seguimiento de la litiasis urinaria. Se presentan los detalles del diseño y los resultados iniciales de su explotación. Material y métodos: Se realiza base de datos desarrollada en el entorno de Microsoft Access® 2002, cuya información se ha distribuido en 4 tablas interrelacionadas: una tabla inicial donde se recogen los datos demográficos, una tabla de consulta, una tabla litiasis y una tabla procedimientos. Para la evaluación de la base de datos se realiza estudio observacional prospectivo desde mayo de 2004 hasta agosto de 2009 sobre 171 enfermos libres de litiasis tras tratamiento (médico, quirúrgico o LEOC), de un total de 511 introducidos en la base de datos. Se utilizó como variable indicadora la presencia o ausencia de recidiva litiasica. Se realizó análisis univariante para el estudio de la influencia de los factores demográficos (edad y sexo), aspectos relativos a la historia personal (antecedentes personales de litiasis o alteraciones de la vía urinaria) y características del cálculo (lateralidad, localización, tamaño y composición), mediante el test de la chi cuadrado, completándose con el cálculo de la probabilidad de recidiva litiásica en función del tiempo, mediante el método de Kaplan Meier. Posteriormente se realizó análisis multivariante mediante la regresión de Cox para estudiar la influencia cada una de las variables en presencia del resto de covariables. Resultados: Desde la puesta en marcha de la aplicación informática (septiembre de 2007), se han recogido datos de 702 consultas correspondientes a 511 enfermos. El análisis de los 171 enfermos disponibles para el análisis de supervivencia demostró una probabilidad de recidiva litiásica del 85,38% (146/171) con una mediana de tiempo a la recidiva de 608 días (rango 70–1.758). En el análisis univariante ningún factor estudiado resultó ser predictivo. El análisis multivariante tampoco confirmó ningún factor predictivo independiente para la recidiva litiásica. Conclusiones: La base de datos relacional es útil para el seguimiento de los enfermos con litiasis urinaria. Permite un control fácil y actualizado de los enfermos, así como un almacenamiento de datos para su posterior explotación. El estudio realizado para la evaluación de la misma no demostró influencia estadísticamente significativa de ninguno de los factores predictivos estudiados en la recidiva litiásica (AU)

Objectives: To create a relational database for monitoring lithiasic patients. We describe the architectural details and the initial results of the statistical analysis. Methods and materials: For a reliability analysis of the database the number of correctly stored data was gathered. To evaluate the performance of the database, a prospective analysis was conducted, from May 2004 to August 2009, on 171 stone free patients after treatment (EWSL, surgery or medical) from a total of 511 patients stored in the database. Lithiasic status (stone free or stone relapse) was used as primary end point, while demographic factors (age, gender), lithiasic history, upper urinary tract alterations and characteristics of the stone (side, location, composition and size) were considered as predictive factors. An univariate analysis was conducted initially by chi square test and supplemented by Kaplan Meier estimates for time to stone recurrence. A multiple Cox proportional hazards regression model was generated to jointly assess the prognostic value of the demographyc factors and the predictive value of stones characteristics. Results: For the reliability analysis 22,084 data were available corresponding to 702 consultations on 511 patients. Analysis of data showed a recurrence rate of 85.4% (146/171, median time to recurrence 608 days, range 70–1758). In the univariate and multivariate analysis, none of the factors under consideration had a significant effect on recurrence rate (p=ns). Conclusions: The relational database is useful for monitoring patients with urolithiasis. It allows easy control and update, as well as data storage for later use. The analysis conducted for its evaluation showed no influence of demographyc factors and stone features on stone recurrence (AU)

[Adverse effects of transrectal prostatic biopsy. Analysis of 303 procedures]. / Efectos adversos de la biopsia prostática transrectal. Un análisis de 303 procedimientos.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Prostate biopsy is a basic step towards prostate cancer (Pca) diagnosis, but usually not free from complications. In this article we have reviewed the adverse effects of this procedure in our setting. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied in a prospective fashion the complications arising from transrectal prostate biopsy with the aid of a questionnaire fulfilled by 303 patients who underwent this procedure, within the context of a Pca screening program. All biopsies were transrectal ultrasound guided and randomly taken (sextant). A cleaning enema was applied the night before, and 100 mg of intramuscular tobramycin were administered prior of the procedure. RESULTS: Ninety patients (29.7%) had no adverse effects at all, and 136 (44.9%) reported at least one minor complication (hematuria, hemospermia, or autolimited dysuria). Lastly 77 (25.4%) presented with major complications--urinary retention, fever, need for medical assistance (primary or hospital care) or treatment. Thirty-five patients (11.5%) reported to present with fever after biopsy, 145 (47.8%) hematuria, 95 (31.3%) hemospermia, 77 (25.4%) rectal bleeding, 67 (22.1%) urinary difficulty, and 9 (2.9%) urinary retention. Up to 39 (12.8%) needed to visit their G.P., and 19 of them were referred to Hospital, where only 6 (1.9%) were admitted longer than 24 hours. No intensive care unit admittances or deaths were reported. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of post-transrectal biopsy adverse effects is high in our experience. This phenomenon could be explained, in part, due to data collecting by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Probably the high fever rate presented here could be diminished with other type of antibiotic prophylaxis.

Efectos adversos de la biopsia prostática transrectal. Un análisis de 303 procedimientos / Adverse effects of transrectal prostate biopsy. An analysis of 303 procedures

OBJETIVO: Analizar los efectos adversos de la biopsia prostática transrectal en nuestro entorno. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Los datos se recogieron mediante cuestionario cumplimentado por 303 pacientes que acudieron a la realización ambulatoria de la biopsia, en el contexto de un programa de detección precoz del CaP. Estas se llevaron a cabo de manera randomizada, sextante y ecodirigida. Los pacientes fueron preparados con un enema de limpieza la noche previa a la prueba, así como con 100 mg de tobramicina intramuscular inmediata-mente antes de la biopsia. RESULTADOS: Noventa pacientes (29,7 por ciento) no presentaron complicaciones, y 136 (44,9 por ciento) manifestaron algún efecto adverso leve (hematuria, hemospermia, o disuria autolimitados). Por último, 77 (25,4 por ciento) presentaron complicaciones no leves -retención urinaria, fiebre, necesidad de asistencia médica (primaria u hospitalaria) o de tratamiento-.Treinta y cinco pacientes (11,5 por ciento) manifestaron haber presentado fiebre tras la biopsia, 145 (47,8 por ciento) hematuria, 95 (31,3 por ciento) hemospermia, 77 (25,4 por ciento) sangrado rectal, 67 (22,1 por ciento) dificultad miccional, y 9 (2,9 por ciento) retención urinaria. Hasta 39 (12,8 por ciento) acudieron al médico de cabecera, y 19 de ellos fueron remitidos al Hospital, donde sólo 6 (1,9 por ciento) permanecieron ingresados más de 24 horas. No se registraron ingresos en UCI ni fallecimientos. CONCLUSIONES: El índice de efectos adversos de la biopsia transrectal es elevado en nuestra experiencia. Este fenómeno podría explicarse, en parte, por la recogida de datos mediante un cuestionario administrado al paciente. Probablemente pueda reducirse la tasa de fiebre post-biopsia mediante otro régimen de profilaxis antibiótica (AU)

[Effect of sacral roots block in the prostatic structure of the rat]. / Efecto del bloqueo de raíces sacras en la estructura prostática de la rata.

OBJECTIVE: To validate a simplified model of neural manipulation of the lower urinary tract of the rat, by means of alcoholic blockade of sacral roots. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty Sprague-Dawle rats (aged 3 months) underwent alcohol sacral root blockade under total anesthesia with previous needle placement monitoring (electrostimulation). After 28-30 days, ipsilateral ventral prostatic lobe (VL) was obtained. Macroscopic and light microscopy (LM) studies were performed (computerized image analysis). Results were compared with 20 LV from non manipulated rats. RESULTS: A slight non significant decrease of LV weight in the blockade group was notice. LM study showed a reduced epithelial height after manipulation. Gland compartment mean proportions were: control group: 28.1% (epithelial), 29.8% (stromal), y 70.2% (glandular -lumen plus epithelium-); study group: 30.5% (not significant), 37.4% y 62.3% (both p < 0.05) respectively. Epithelium area did not suffer any variation. A reduced vascular overall count was noted in the study group. Ipsilateral diffusion of blockade solution was shown in 9 rats (45%), and bilateral in 11 (55%). CONCLUSIONS: Alcoholic sacral root blockade produces an atrophy of the glandular component (due to luminal shrinkage, without epithelial change). No differences were found after the macroscopic study. This study could not reproduce the changes produced after standard surgical denervation, therefore we cannot recommend this method to be used in future models.

[Clinical and urodynamic results of the treatment of bladder instability with intravaginal/intrarectal electric stimulation]. / Resultados clínicos y urodinámicos del tratamiento de la inestabilidad vesical con estimulación eléctrica intravaginal/intrarrectal.

Twenty-six male and female patients with urinary incontinence due to vesical instability underwent intravaginal/intra-rectal electrostimulation therapy. Positive clinical results were achieved in 65.3% of the cases. During subsequent urodynamic study, 80% of these cases showed absence of vesical instability. Based on these results, intravaginal/intra-rectal electrostimulation would constitute an option for the treatment of urinary incontinence due to vesical instability.